Internetem se posledních několik let rozšířilo užívání pojmů jako alfa a beta samec, které by měli kategorizovat muže dle toho, jak vyhovují současným představám o tom, co to znamená být mužný a "pravý chlap". Tyto představy se odvolávají na vykonstruované představy o tradici mužství a jak muži vypadali a jak se chovali za dob jeskynních.
Samotný pojem pak vychází z práce o sledování dynamiky vlčí smečky, kterou napsal Rudolfa Schenkel.
Další info:
Agapakis, C. (2013, January 22). Alpha males and adventurous human females : gender and synthetic genomics. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/alpha-males-and-adventurous-human-females-gender-and-synthetic-genomics/
De Waal, F. B. M. (2016). Bonobos Use Sex to Cool Tempers. Scientific American. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericansex0316-42
Francis, L. (2020, January 14). The Alpha Male vs. Beta Male Myth Hijacked Modern Masculinity. Fatherly. https://www.fatherly.com/love-money/myth-alpha-male-vs-beta-male-hijacked-masculinity
Galchen, R. (2023, March 25). The Myth of the Alpha Wolf. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/science/elements/the-myth-of-the-alpha-wolf
Hawley, P. H., Little, T. D., & Card, N. A. (2008). The myth of the alpha male: A new look at dominance-related beliefs and behaviors among adolescent males and females. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407084054
Higgs, E. (2022, December 2). The Term Alpha Male Is All A Lie. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/the-term-alpha-male-is-all-a-lie-66483
Kjørstad, E. (2021, November 22). Wolf packs don’t actually have alpha males and alpha females, <br>the idea is based on a misunderstanding. ScienceNorway. https://sciencenorway.no/ulv/wolf-packs-dont-actually-have-alpha-males-and-alpha-females-the-idea-is-based-on-a-misunderstanding/1850514
Letzter, R. (2016, October 12). There’s no such thing as an alpha male. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/no-such-thing-alpha-male-2016-10
Mehta, V., PhD. (2019, August 15). Are Alpha Males a Myth or a Reality? Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/head-games/201412/are-alpha-males-myth-or-reality
Pappas, S. (2023, February 28). Is the Alpha Wolf Idea a Myth? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-alpha-wolf-idea-a-myth/
Richardson, C., & Richardson, C. (2020, October 27). Why “alpha wolf” is misleading | International Wolf Center. International Wolf Center | Teaching the World About Wolves. https://wolf.org/headlines/44265/
Schenkel’s Classic Wolf Behavior Study Available in English. (n.d.). http://davemech.org/wolf-news-and-information/schenkels-classic-wolf-behavior-study-available-in-english/
The Myth of the Alpha Male. (n.d.). Greater Good. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_myth_of_the_alpha_male
Vestal, L. (2021, November 11). The ‘Alpha Male’ Myth. The Good Men Project. https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/the-alpha-male-myth/
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